This study explores the impact of maternal employment on child socialization in Mardan, Pakistan. Through
purposive sampling, fourteen working mothers were interviewed, and thematic analysis revealed eleven key
themes. The findings suggest that maternal employment reduces the quality of time spent with children,
affecting communication, emotional closeness, and the development of independence and responsibility.
Concerns were also noted about increased aggression, insecurity, and academic performance in children. The
study emphasizes the need for family and employer support to help working mothers balance their
responsibilities and highlights the broader societal benefits of women’s workforce participation.